Guidelines for Completing the Observations of Children Essay

You are required to submit a report on your observations (labeled observation report) of 2 young children. As discussed in class, the subjects of your observation should be one boy and one girl who are 3 and 4 years of age. The report should be presented in narrative format and include a description of the center in which the study took place. Included in the report should be a description of each student studied, and the notes on how well the children performed the milestones in the four categories of child development (language, physical-gross motor plus fine motor skills-, cognitive and psychosocial development). Under each category, you need to explain how the individual child performed the milestones by using the specified chart. The key to your description should be guided by the labels (acquired, emerging, and strategies for home/school). Write a conclusion for each of the summaries. In closing, provide a reflection (labeled reflection) on how this experience benefitted you as an educator who may one day work with young children. Consult your book and or an internet source to make recommendations for home/school. The due date for this report can be found in the course syllabus. Put the report in a folder and separate the work with tabs and dividers according to the age of the child. Place the completed grids found in the LAP-3 behind the report. Below please find an outline that can be used to assist in writing the report: Title – Observation Report First Section(all alone)—-Name plus description of the Center and selected personnel. TAB/Divider-Identity and description of the 3 year old. Please include background info about the family, if obtainable. In narrative format, present information categorically (labels from the end of the year assessment) labeled identifying the skills of the 3 year old, i.e. if it is  (1) language skills– acquired – why do you say it is acquired, (2) physical development–emerging-why do you say that it is emerging, (3) cognitive–strategies for home/school-why do you say that the child needs extra work and specifically what activities can be used to help him or her move into the acquired category, (4) psychosocial—acquired-why do you say it is acquired? Write a conclusion. TAB/Divider-Identity and description of the 4 year old. Please include background info about the family, if obtainable. In narrative format, present information categorically (labels from the end of the year assessment) labeled identifying the skills of the 4 year old. i.e. if it is (1) language skills– acquired – why do you say it is acquired, (2) physical development–emerging-why do you say that it is emerging, (3) cognitive–strategies for home/school-why do you say that the child needs extra work and specifically what activities can be used to help him or her move into the acquired category, (4) psychosocial—acquired-why do you say it is acquired? Write a conclusion. Reflection-How will this activity help me to become a good inservce teacher. The completed LAP-3 Grids (End of the Year Summary Sheets-2-one for the 3 and one for the 4 year old)

Home Depot Essay

Organizational talent is where the organization has the best of the best personnel in as its staff. This covers all the departments of the organization from subordinate staff, production staff as well as the technical staff. Having such a staff base can be advantageous to the organization in terms of efficiency and quality service delivery. The Home Depot Company is one such organization that has the very best personnel as members of its staff. According to Bullard (2010), there are a few basic tactics in which and organization can make maximum of use of its organizational talent and they are: Remove your Constant Underperformers: It is a waste of resources to pay an employee whose performance is not worthy talking about. Therefore in order to remain with employees who can perform, it is wise to get rid of the nonperformers. This is one strategy that the Home Depot uses to improve its service delivery. Bad apples: There are many obstacles that an organization encounters in the day to day running of its activities; therefore for there to be smooth running of the business, the organization should get rid of these internal and external obstacles. Hidden gems: Each organization has the â€Å"silent performer†. This is the employee who is never in the limelight but delivers the best services for the company. Discovering this employee and nurturing him through motivation is the best way that an organization can use to ensure that the organizations talent is maximized. High-quality outside hires: Short term outsourcing can be beneficial for the company especially in technical areas. The human resource department should always be on the look out for those potential employees who can add value to the business and hire them when need arises. The Home Depot as an international brand intends to use the following management techniques to gain a competitive advantage in the Do It Yourself industry (Hewitt, 2007). Performance Management: The performance management allows the company to evaluate the individual performance of its employees and as such it can able to tell which employee fits in which department and how to ensure they deliver the best service for the company. Compensation Management: Nothing can be more motivation an employee as being rewarded for good performance. The Home Depot Company is one such company that ensures that its best performers are recognized and rewarded. This gives them more moral to perform and deliver quality work for the company. Learning Management: Employee training forums help them to be able to learn about new production as well as sales and marketing and as such they can be able to diversify and produce more quality goods. The Home Depot intends to use this management feature to ensure that their staffs especially in the production sector are well trained and conversant with the latest market trends and designs. Social Networking: Social networking can also be referred to as team building, even thou this concept is not new at the Home Depot company, it seeks to improve it and come up with diverse methods of networking and team building. Discuss the Key Channels that Home Depot Developed for Recruiting Talent By recruiting talent, the Home Depot has been able to build the following key basic channels of organization management as well as customer relationship management. The Home Depot has been able to discover capabilities that can be used to determine the success of the customer experience as well as the customer relationship management (Hewitt, 2007). Some of the capabilities include the design and implementation of viable customer relationship management (CRM). This will be used to ensure that clients’ needs are well taken care of. Another key channel that the Home Depot developed by recruiting talent is that it has been able to determine the most productive channel for each department. This has ensured that the level of production in the organization is on steady upward progress in each and every department (Hewitt, 2007). The last key channel of development that the Home Depot develops by talent recruit is that it has been able to build a mutual relationship between itself and its various business partners and associates. This has helped it to ensure that there is smooth running of businesses it the various franchises that it operates in and outside America. Discuss the Critical Programs used by Home Depot to Keep Talent in their Pipeline  The Home Depot has put in place a few programs / strategies that are meant to ensure that the staff it hires are not tempted to jump ship and search for greener pastures but they stay committed to their work. For the new recruits, they are first guided on the various functions of the department they will assigned to, after which they are given a challenge to undertake (Hewitt, 2007). The talent will feel â€Å"empowered† by the challenge given to him / her and will strive to deliver the best, however the management is always on the standby to ensure that they are given any support that they may require. In addition to that, the skilled talents are allowed to try out a variety of roles before they can be advised on the best carrier choice to take. Finally the talents are given an opportunity to try out new innovations and ideas that they might have, by so doing the talents will feel appreciated and as such it will hard for them to leave the organization (Hewitt, 2007). Discuss Three Lessons Learned by Home Depot related to Talent Management. Some of the lessons that the Home Depot learned in relation to talent management are: Investing in talent, give programs time to work, listen and respond to naysayers. Listen and Respond to Naysayers: In every organization, there is always positive and negative criticism coming in from all quarters. The Home Depot has learnt to use the public relation skills by always giving a positive and promising feed back to any criticism that is raise against it. In so doing the company has been able to draw admirers from different regions of the world. Youth Investment: The youths can be used to determine the future of an organization, this is because of their willingness to work, learn and deliver. The youths are also innovative and filled with creative ideas. The Home Depot extensively invests in the youths in all sectors and departments. The youth are then given the responsibility of delivering quality serviced for the organization. Time: The rush by most organizations to have instant results is what makes the programs the implement fail, however when it comes to Home Depot, it has learnt to give time for the programs it implements to develop, mature before the results trickle in. y so doing, the company has been able to reap maximum inputs from the output it gives. Summation / Conclusion The Home Depot Company is a sure that with good planning and implementation, any business can grow into an empire in the shortest time possible. In addition to that investing in youth talent is another way for a company to expand rapidly. The Home Depot should spread its customer base to other untapped market like Africa where there is a lot of potential.

The concept of parental choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The concept of parental choice - Essay Example In such situations, Parents should first find out what they are looking for in a school. Factors such as hours in school, facilities, opportunities and location should be taken into consideration. Making a visit to a variety of schools and meeting people from those schools which are considered gives valuable information. The Information technology advancements will further help parents in making better informed choices. A charter school differs from a public school with its independent rules. The mission of Fenton Avenue Charter School is to successfully educate all students through standard curriculum infused with technology-enriched instructional strategies and learning opportunities (About this, fentoncharter.net). It accommodates around 450 children (Student’s page, web.me). Fenton Charter’s philosophy has been allowing every member of the school community to participate fully in the transformation of the school (About this, web.me). This is a core value for any org anization since it allows people to express themselves. The school is organized in a way where all the professionals work under the supervision of Assistant Director of the school. Some parents prefer home schooling, which makes the children more socialized and strong in academics. The main drawback would be that children would miss the opportunities which are available in

Metropolitan Museum of Art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Metropolitan Museum of Art - Research Paper Example Jackson Pollock is an American artist. He was famous for his drip paintings and is a major figure in American painting, specifically in abstract expressionism. He was the purveyor of the drip technique, and this was seen as the origins of action painting. This was his way of challenging the Western style of painting using the easel and brush, with an attempt to leave figurative representation. However, he abandoned the drip painting style just as it was getting famous and returned to painting using figurative elements. War is one of Jackson Pollock’s earliest known paintings and is the only painting he ever titled. This painting was made before he became famous with his drip style. It should be noted that Pollock was a successful draftsman and often used his sketches to execute his artistic ideas. War is a very apt descriptive title for this abstract expressionist painting. This painting was made just after World War II and it shows the brute violence of war: there is a funera l pyre, a human figure being thrown to it, a bull, and a crucifixion. The colors of red and yellow were then added for drama. The elements of this painting hark to Picasso’s war-inspired painting Guernica, where it also had suffering people and the bull as a major figure in the painting. Although it has more figurative elements, this painting has many linear motions that have emerged in his later paintings. The date is significant to understanding this painting: 1947 is a time when war was still fresh in most people’s collective memory, and this was probably the way that Pollock expresses his feelings towards war. This painting symbolizes the harsh effects of war in society, and the ghosts in people’s consciousness. The media used for this painting are colored pencils and ink. The size is 20 5/8 inches by 26 inches. The size is not exactly relevant to the viewer, but it is easier to observe because of the size. This seminal work of art has influenced the 21st ce ntury because it had paved the way for Jackson Pollock’s Abstract Expressionism genre. It may not be as noticeable here but the traces of Abstract Expressionism are here: the linear movements, the near-abstract figures, the fast composition. This painting may not be as popular as his drip paintings; but this painting shows how he managed to get into that style. Without this painting, abstract expressionism in America would not be as successful. 2. Marilyn Monroe by Richard Avedon (1957) Richard Avedon was one of the most iconic American photographers. His work, Marilyn Monroe, is one of his most popular. Richard Avedon was born and raised in New York City and entered as a photographer for the Merchant Marine. He learned photography there as he took identification pictures of the crew. This picture was taken on May 6, 1957 and it completely embodies the style of portraiture that Richard Avedon helped made famous: his ability to capture the real essence of the subject by lettin g the viewer see the intimate, candid shots of a certain personality in an often bare setting, with no props but just the details needed to compose the picture. He developed his unmistakable style there: stark, high contrast, black and white pictures. The main feature of an Avedon photograph is that it is honest: everything you ought to see in your reflection is seen in an Avedon photograph. This picture, simply called Marilyn Monroe, is named after the subject herself. As a portrait photographer, Avedon shot many famous people, as well as the working class and the criminals; Marilyn Monroe is one of the most famous,

Environment assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environment assignment - Essay Example Washing the latrine with bare hands exposes me to contact with pathogens that if not washed carefully my end up in the dishes, posing a health risk to anyone who consumes food from them. Sweeping dusty surfaces without sprinkling some water on them may expose me to breathing difficulties and respiratory diseases.    ii. Where you live (your home and neighbourhood). Explain each risk in no more than 2-3 sentences.   Sharing clothes with the neighbor suffering from a communicable disease exposes me to a heath risk of contacting the ailment Living in the flood prone area exposes me to the risk of drowning during hostile rainy seasons and water-borne diseases. The tall trees in the compound where I live may fall on our house causing injuries to the occupants. There is a high risk of lightning strike. (3 points)   iii. What you do for a living (school and work). Explain each risk in no more than 2-3 sentences. (3  points)   I work as a part-time hospital ward attendant. I am exp osed to the risk of contacting diseases from the patients that I attend to. I am also exposed to the risk of inappropriate work-place ergonomics since I stand throughout the time that I attend to patients. I might fall and get injured while working. As a student, I study late in to the night and sleep when I am extremely tired and sleepy. This may affect my concentration the following day especially when crossing the road. I might be hit by a car. iv.

THE EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE ON THE ECONOMY OF SHANGHAI Essay

THE EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE ON THE ECONOMY OF SHANGHAI - Essay Example There has been a positive influence On the GDP of Shanghai and the average growth rate is reported to be in double-digits. The per capita income has also been growing steadily and constantly. The city has developed at an amazing speed and special economic zones and commercial areas have been set up to attract more FDI (Foreign Direct Investment). There are some negative aspects of international trade as well such as environmental problems and greater reliance on international trade and investment. China, the most populous country in the world, has made rapid economic progress in the last couple of decades. The economic progress is largely due to economic reforms and open door policies introduced in 1978 which paved the way for the entry of foreign enterprises and international trade. On a broader perspective, international trade has had a tremendous effect on China. It has expanded the country’s growth and prompted China to target the whole world as a market for its products. Boyer (1998) noted that the rapid development came about due to various factors, including an expansive skilled labor, stability in the political system and a wide range of natural resources. In fact, because of the abundant supply of skilled and semi-skilled labor, China is often referred to as the â€Å"Workshop of the World† (Cui 2007). The reason that China has been selected for this case study is because its international economy has been introduced to the market so late yet, and still it has been able to surpass others who had an earlier presence in the market economy. Since China is a big and expansive country, which will be a challenge in carrying out the research and getting clear results, the paper narrows down its focusto Shanghai, which is the largest city in China. Shanghai has been chosen because it is considered the biggest centre for trade in China and it can well be

Saturn Titan Mission Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Saturn Titan Mission Questions - Essay Example He was the one who discovered the rings around Saturn as well as Titan in 1655; the largest moon of Saturn. He also invented the pendulum clock. He died in 1695 on 8th July. Jean Dominique Cassini was born in 1625, on June 8th. He has numerous discoveries related to Saturn attached to his name. He discovered four of the Saturn’s moons, Iapetus in1671, Rhea in 1972, Tethys and Dione in 1684. He also discovered that the rings of Saturn have separation by a gap in two parts in 1675, it is in his honor named Cassini Division, and he presumed that the Saturn’s rings composition was of the small particles myriads, which was correct. The atmospheric entry probe which was part of Cassini–Huygens  mission carried to Titan; Saturn’s moon was called the Huygens probe. It separated itself from the spacecraft on 25th December 2004 (Scott Allen Striepe, pg12) and landed on Titan’s surface on 14th January 2005. The landing of this Huygens probe was designed for both water and land since it wasn’t concrete which kind of surface it might be; it turned out to be solid, icy. It sent several images that helped understanding of Titans atmosphere throughout its descent. The atmosphere of Titan is twice in its thickness compared to that of Earth, the surface pressure there is approximately 1.45 times that of the earth. This makes it hard for image capturing in visible spectrum of light by the astronomical instruments. Titan is second largest moon in Solar system with diameter of 5,150  km, with the only one having dense, surface pressure being 1.5 atm and cold atmosphere, primary composites being nitrogen and little methane. Being dense, its atmosphere usually has convective clouds that are bright white, making the surface observation difficult. It is also the only moon that has large liquid bodies, in form of lakes of methane. Composition: Saturn’s rings have sheet like distribution of the icy

Studying a Professional Organizational Coursework

Studying a Professional Organizational - Coursework Example of nearly 10,000 surgical nurses that are interest in developing professionally and personally, linking up with other individuals and organizations in the health sector that share a common vision, fighting for the recognition of the surgical nursing field (Roberts, 2008). The aims and objectives of the Academy of Medical Surgical Nurses focus on research development, evidence based practice, advocacy in the workplace, organizational health and the impact of national leadership on health matters. The organization’s mission is to facilitate excellence in the field of surgical nursing. The organization also focuses towards using its strategic position to improve health care for the patients (Roberts, 2008). The organization provides a system through which surgical nurses can express their feelings and opinions about health care policies. The organization also promoted personal and professional goals for surgical nurses. The entity has come up with a system that promotes awareness to the members of society on issues that relate to the practice (Mason and Nursing, a. t., 2011). Above all, the organizations aims at improving the general health care for all patients in the society. Finally, the entity maintains effective communication to governmental organizations, professional groups and acts as resources to the public. The organization achieves the above-mentioned functions by meeting the ideas in professional nursing. This is through the promotion of health care to individuals by promoting the art and science of nursing care. The organization facilitates implementation of the policies for practice of surgical nursing. The Academy of Medical Surgical Nursing establishes a framework in which nurses in the field to communicate their health care policies (Mason and Nursing, a. t., 2011). AMSN works towards impacting on policies in health care based on evidence based on various issues. The entity facilitates advancement of research and development in the field and this

Sales Rewards and Incentives Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sales Rewards and Incentives - Coursework Example Job-related incentives are one of the sales incentives which are least expensive. They can be in form of additional vacation time at no out-of-pocket cost. These are mainly incentives which are related to daily work responsibilities of the team. These can include but not limited to a half day of work, funny celebration gifts, watch movie as a sales team, etc. This is very significant in motivating the employees (Fisher, 2003). Tangible incentives are something of monetary value. This can be milk and cookies, new cell phones, laptops, or other gadgets that are of great importance to the employees. However, the items should be valuable in order to excite the sales force and motivate them to work harder (Fisher, 2003). Experience incentives have been identified as one that impacts positively towards the happiness of the salesperson than purchases. For instance, instead of sending just one sales person to a Hawaii, it is more fulfilling when a team-based contest is organized with a team experience being the main price (Fisher, 2003). This plays a significant role in not only rewarding the high performers but also to create a strong bond between the salespeople. This improves the level of teamwork, an aspect that is replicated in the overall performance of the business.

Herbal remedy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Herbal remedy - Essay Example The NCCAM is a government initiative that is sponsored by National Institute of Health and Department of Health and Human Service, USA. Garlic is one of the most important herbs which are extensively used as complementary and alterative medicine. The information about garlic can be easily accessed through the following web-link. Website address: http://nccam.nih.gov/ Process to access information about garlic One can either use Google as search engine for finding the website of NCCAM or just type the above mentioned web address on the address bar at the top of the Google homepage. Once the homepage of NCCAM is accessed, select the link to Herbs At a Glance, which is on the vertical bar at the left side of the homepage, under the title of Health. The new link has huge options of herbs with medicinal value. Choose garlic as your final link and access all types of information regarding it. Why garlic is important herb? I was interested in garlic because since the olden times, it has bee n part of our food culture. It has also been known for its highly effective medicinal value. The webpage provides detailed information about it. Salient information gleaned from the garlic webpage Garlic is a plant in the form of bulb that belongs to lily family. The bulb consists of cloves which are used in various ways. The paste of garlic cloves gives exotic taste to the food.

The effects of single Parenting in women House-Holds Essay Example for Free

The effects of single Parenting in women House-Holds Essay Abstract This essay focuses on the issue of single parenting as one of the most effective family problems. A single parent is a parent who lives with one or more children without the second parent it could be either a dad or a mom. Usually the definition of single parenting depends on the local laws throughout different states, but there are other circumstances as well that could lead to single parenting, for example if a parent is left alone after getting divorced, if one of the parent just leaves the family or the child, if one of the parent is put to the jail or dies. Sometimes the single parent might not be the real father or mother of the child, some people decide to adopt a child or become a parent through implantation of babies or just take care of a family member child, who was abandoned by his real parents. The household of a single parent is very different from a normal household. But all the circumstances are distinctive, some Parents decide to become single parents if they see a relationship is not going well or if they see there might be a lot of family problems that might affect the child, and some have to do it if something happens like the loss of a the second parent. There are a lot of negative effects about being a single parent. For example, making decisions can be really hard sometimes and most of the time parents need that second person there to be able to make the best decision that will benefit the child and the parent. Frequently single parents do not have sufficient time to do all the house work and this involves children from the early age in doing house jobs which takes time away from them to do school work or other things. Single parents have to tell most of house problems to a child which doesn’t not help the child, they have to discuss these problems like if the child was an adult. If the other parent is alive they have to make the arrangements to take the child either to the other parent’s house or to jail if the parent is in jail which is not good because the  child will not have a stable home life and this will cause confusion. Single parenting starts with the divorce of a couple who have children, with the loss of a parent abandonment of a child or many other reasons. Most of the parents that become single parents are women. Non-custodial fathers usually don’t have much connection with their children, and contribution usually declines as time goes by I have seen this a lot in my job since I work with children I have seen how some parents just forget about their children mostly the male parents forget about their kid and stops communicating with them . Since most single-parent households are females their income are less that of a man, this causes economic issues on the mother and the child has less opportunities on being involved in activities after school or sports. Economic limitations may limit growth improving experiences of a child. Even the children that their fathers pay their child support check that they’re obligated to pay monthly still see limitations on outside activities. But there are a lot of parents that do not pay their monthly child support checks to their children which makes it even harder for a single mother. A lot of children strongly dislike divorces because having the most important people in your life live separated affects their lives greatly. For some children, divorce is not something that they will forget about quickly, but it’s something that will affect them for the rest of their lives. This is a traumatic experience for the child because it leaves them feeling alone, as if nobody in the world cares about them. I have experienced this a lot as well in my job. I have a lot of children that seek for my attention a lot, and I also have a lot of children that call me â€Å"dad† because they don’t have the male figure in their family. Single parenting affects each child differently depending on the childs age which ranges in four stages; infants, young children, the elementary school age and teenagers. Infants and young children can feel abandoned by the decision of parents to get divorced. Most of them need to feel, hear, and see both parents in order to bond wi th their parents. This connection is important for the parent and child relationship later on in the childs life â€Å"is the challenge for school age children, who are learning to make things use tools, and acquire skills for the adult life, children who fail these lessons of mastery and competence may come out of this stage feeling inadequate and inferior† (Erikson 1950). Parenting is hard at this age  because this young child requires a lot of love, and attention from the parents if a children fails in a situation like this it’s hard for the children to receive support since the parent barely has time for the child. Single parents don’t have time to give the appropriate amount of love and attention because they are forced to work and take care of the home responsibilities alone and the parent becomes very stressed since they worry about their children getting adequate attention. Family organization has changed has changed a lot in the last fifty years according to the research done. With higher percentages of marriage ending in divorce single parent families are growing quickly. â€Å"Seventy percent of all the children will spend all or part of their lives in a single-parent household† (Lindblad-Goldberg, M. 1989). These studies show that the children of single parenting families are affected greatly in a negative way. Women head the majority of single- parent families and as a result, children experience many social problems from growing up without a father. Some of these problems include lack of financial support and various emotional problems by not having a father around, which may contribute to problems later in life. One of the problems that they might face are anger issues a lot of the male boys that I mentor have a lot of anger issues and I believe that the cause of these issues is the missing of the male figure which is a symbol of authority in the house. Today, most researchers state that both models were not quite correct and are still not correct now. During the years 1860-1920 the black immigrant families could not afford only one earner for the family and these ideals were appropriate only for white middle class families. By the year 1893 more and more women were taking up jobs an d the number of divorces increased. â€Å"In 1950 – about 22% families had both working parents, in 1980 – the number increased to 42 %† (Morgan, K. 1993) Since the year 1980 the divorce rates were twice as big as before. This means that about one-third of all children lived in single parent families or in adoptive families. The statistical studies at that time showed that 25 % of all families didn’t have children at all 25% of all families lived in couples 25% of families were headed by females 4 % of families were extended (Lindblad Goldberg, M.1989). We can come to a assumption that as well as the family principles were changing, the amount of single-parent families were changing too. If we were to count the number of single mothers in the  difference to single fathers â€Å"the ratio is nine to one† ( Ceballo, R., Borquez, J. 1994) that means that children in most cases are left with their mother instead of their fathers. In my job most of the times all I see are single young mothers instead of single fathers taking care of their children which prove this ratio. It is clear that mothers are regularly closer to thei r children and care more about their children, but there are some exceptions, but there are a lot of difficulties that single mothers have to face. The problems of income are extremely difficult for single mothers headed households. All low earnings money families have economic problems, but in cases of single mother parenting women have to raise their children on top of these issues. Studies showed that â€Å"about 50 % of all households in poverty were female-headed. It is not only because of low wages that women get, but mostly because of the lack of another earners in the family, as a result there are cases when children start to work early in order to help their mothers† (Amato, P. R. 1993). This affects children a lot when they have to go and work at an early age it affects their studies and it prevents them from doing any extracurricular activity after school or participate in any sports team. These studies demonstrate that the wages of women from single female-headed households and from two-parent households are similar, but women from single female-headed households had to take additional hours or even work more than one job to support the family. There is often a problem of single mothers among teenagers. Young girls are left with their kids and their fathers just disappear. Then there are a lot of problems connected not only with finance but many others as well.The financial situation is not that hard by African-American single mothers, as the percentage of their income to the whole income of the family was bigger, but they have little chance to receive any child support money or other state payments. About â€Å"25% of Spanish households in Los Angeles, California and Arizona were headed by women, about 17.3 % of Hispanic households also had a female head† (Morgan, K. 1993). To draw a conclusion to this part we should mention that the cases of female-headed households happen more often, the problems they face are lack of finances and the need to spend a lot more of time at work. Fathers make about 13% of single parents in the USA. Currently fathers are more used to take some female roles at home. They are more involved with their children and in house responsibilities. Before men were  primary caregivers, only some of them had to raise their c hildren alone due to the death of their wives. As men typically have higher positions at work they have greater earnings as well, so they rarely face the same economic complications that single women do. On the other hand fathers do not always prosper in finding common language with their children and the results are that children raised by a single father are more likely to start using drugs or developing drinking habits, or start early sexual life since fathers are more flexible. Even though there is a common belief that fathers are stricter than mothers, they are often not able to converse with their children as well as the mothers can do it. Sometimes father are disciplined themselves or are not organized, it is not surprising if they cannot help their children to develop such qualities. I have been studying one of my children’s dad and the children has taken a lot of bad traits from his dad because the dad is not a great example he is not disciplined himself. A good father could be a good example for his son, and a go od model of behavior. A lot of single mothers have problems with their children at some time of their lives because they lack the strong influence of a man. The ratio of young fathers is lower in comparison with teenager girls who have kids. In the twentieth century the number of female-headed households enlarged significantly among Latino, Asian and Other race households. It’s a statement that single families are not the Americans. The number of single parent households increased greatly in England and in Australia during 1990s. â€Å"In the UK lone-parents families formed about 3.3% of all households, the percentage of them in Australia was even higher – 7.6%.Talking about other countries we should mention: Belgium – 1.8 – 2.7 % Ireland – 2.8 % Luxemburg – 2.2 % Japan – 5.1 %† (Borquez, J. 1994). In all countries most of single parents are women. Such countries as Greece, Portugal and Italy have more conformist opinions about family disputes even t hough they have a lower percentage of single parent families. Raising a child alone without any help from a second parent is pretty hard and a stressful experience, single parents have to put in a lot of work in order to follow an organized schedule that helps the parent as well as the child. The parents depend on many factors and have more responsibilities for their children. Being a single parent does not mean that a person should separate themselves from the whole world and isolate themselves with their complications and  problems. They should look for help provided by the government and any support that their family might provide. Single parents should never be embarrassed and they should never let their self-importance make complications for the support they can get from other people. If there is a lot of support from family members, friends or organizations it will be easier for the single parent to cope with all the problems. There are numerous areas where single parents need solid support from their friends, Family, or organizations. Throughout this paper we discussed the effects of single parenting. The effects that a child faces and the effects that a parent faces as a single parent are difficult. Both the child and the parent go through tough situations and difficulties that affect their lives greatly. There are some positive outcomes that come out from single parenting but there are more negative outcomes than positive outcomes. I have seen all of the negative outcomes in my job, I have experienced all of these things and all most of them are true children that come from single parenting families tend to have a lot of difficulties and problems in their lives, but these problems could diminish with good mentorship, and good support from other family members. References Amato, P. R. (1993). â€Å"Children’s adjustment to divorce: Theories, hypotheses, and empirical support.† Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 23-58. Bogenschneider, K., Kaplan, T., Morgan, K. (1993). â€Å"Single parenthood and children’s well-being.† Wisconsin Family Impact Seminars Briefing Report. Combrink-Graham (Ed.) Children in family contexts. New York: Guildford. Erikson, E.H. (1950). The Developmental stage of Erik Erikson. New York: Norton. Carole Wade. Carole Tavris. Tenth Edition Grossman, A. S., Hayghe, H. (1982). â€Å"Labor force activity of women receiving child support or alimony.† Monthly Labor Review, 105, 39-41. McLoyd, V. C., Jayaratne, T. E., Ceballo, R., Borquez, J. (1994). â€Å"Unemployment and work interruption among African American single mothers: Effects on parenting and adolescent socioemotional functioning.† Child Development, 65, 562-589. Lindblad-Goldberg, M. (1989). â€Å"Successful minority single-p arent families.† In L. Combrink-Graham (Ed.) Children in family contexts. New York: Guildford.

Teaching and learning vocabulary

Teaching and learning vocabulary Presenting Vocabulary Description of Presenting Vocabulary Vocabulary is one of the important aspects of language to teach. There are many quotations from famous linguistics to support this idea. For example, Without grammar very little can be conveyed; without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. (Wilkins 1972:111) and When students travel, they dont carry grammar books, they carry dictionaries. (Krashen in Lewis 1993: iii). Moreover, errors of vocabulary are potentially more misleading than those of grammar. Sometimes the context of the utterance would lead a listener to question their first interpretation, but a chance response such as Yes, my father has an affair in that village'(confusing the Swedish affar meaning shop with the English affair which can mean extra-marital relationship) gives the listener the wrong impression. From above, you will see the importance of vocabulary. Hence teachers should know how to present vocabulary effectively in order to help student develop vocabulary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition, the presenting of vocabulary has been studied for along time, there are still many uncertainties regarding: which vocabulary items should be taught and learned; c) how vocabulary can be taught and learned most effectively. Which vocabulary items should be taught and learned What to teach while teaching vocabulary What is involved in teaching vocabulary Principle of presenting vocabulary Principle of presenting vocabulary Some suggestions for the teachers 1. Which vocabulary item should be taught and learned. Before we present vocabulary, we should know that there are active vocabulary and passive vocabulary. Passive vocabularies are the words that student know while active vocabularies are the words that student use. In reality, native speakers have a passive vocabulary about 100,000 words but they use about 5,000-10,000 words in their daily life. Therefore, the first decision to make when presenting a vocabulary is to decide which words are needed for teaching vocabulary. Teacher should remember that there are a number of words in English language but the average native speaker uses only about five thousand words in everyday speech. Therefore, teacher has to select vocabulary to present, based on useful and frequency to the need of learners. Moreover, teacher has to decide whether the word is worth spending time or not. If the vocabulary is a low frequency word and is not useful word, it should be taught as quickly as possible. 2. What to teach while teaching vocabulary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The effective way to present vocabulary involves what need to be taught about a word. There are many things to teach while teaching vocabulary. I divided into three groups that are form, meaning and usage   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.1 Form Form is divided into spoken form, written form and word part. First, spoken form concerns with pronunciation. It is the initial stages of language learning for teacher to insist on a fair amount of pronunciation practice of new words to help learners acquire the correct stress pattern of syllabus. Second, written form concerns with spelling. Teacher should clarify the pronunciation before showing the written form. Finally, word parts concern with part of speech of word. Students need to know part of speech of the vocabulary such as it is verb, noun or adjective in order to use it effectively. In addition, students have to study about the affixes (the prefixes and suffixes) because it may indicate about the meaning. For example, superman super mean above or beyond and man mean human being. This is particularly useful for a higher level.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.2 Meaning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In teaching vocabulary, teachers need to look at two aspects of meaning in order to make students understand better in learning vocabulary of the English language. The first concerns the link between meaning and the world to which words refer. The second involves the sense relations that exist among words.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, if a word has reference to an object, action or event in the physical world. This can be described as denotative meaning. In contrast, connotative meaning relates to the attitudes and emotions of a language user in selecting a vocabulary and the influence of these on the listener of readers interpretation of the word.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Second, this aspect of meaning involves the sense relations that exist among word. These relations can be found into syntagmatic relation, which is about the relations between words in sentence, and paradigmatic relations, which is about complex relations with other words in the language in a network of meaning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.3 Usage Teacher has to teach the usage of vocabulary about the situation when the word is used or is not used. Teacher has to describe that it is formal, neutral or informal word. Moreover, it is used in speaking or in writing. Then, teacher has to describe the words which have the same collocations as an L1 word of similar meaning in order to prevent mistakes in usage. For example, you describe thing in great detail not in a big deal. 3. Ways of Presenting the Meaning of New Items There are many techniques to present vocabulary. Each vocabulary has different appropriate ways to present. The most common ways to present word are followings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.1 Illustration An illustration is visualization such as a drawing or picture. It is very useful way to present concrete words such as cat, house or tree. In addition it is an effective way for visual learners. However It has its limits because it cannot present abstract word.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.2 Mime Mime is a physical demonstration. It is good to present action verbs. In addition, it can be fun and memorable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.3 Synonyms and antonyms Words not only have sequential relationship, but also exist in complex relationships with other words in the language in a network of meanings. The most common are synonyms and antonym.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.3.1 Synonyms A simple way of defining synonym is to say that, in a given context, one linguistic item can be exchanged for another without changing the meaning of the sentence or utterance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.3.2 Antonym. The term antonym covers a number of relationships often though of as opposite. Teacher has to use the word that students are already known in order to be effective to get meaning across.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.4 Definition teacher can get the definition of word from dictionary to present. For example, the definition of town house is a house that is one of a row of identical houses situated side by side and sharing common walls.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.5 Translation Using L1 translation is fast and efficient. However teacher should remember that not every word has a direct translation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.6 Context This is the way to present vocabulary by giving many example sentences with the word in context. Teacher has to remember that using a combination of techniques can be both helpful and memorable. 4. The implications for the teaching of vocabulary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.1 Developing a various techniques for the teaching meaning Learner will confront new words in various ways in the classroom, through textbooks, through material or through teachers language. Therefore, teacher needs to explain new words for them. Take the word frightened, for example. There are a number of techniques which could be used A physical demonstration such as mime, gesture. This is the effective way to create a visual memory for the word. Moreover, it can be fun and memorable. An explanation, using a number of contexts, for example, the feeling when you watch horror movie, will lead the leaner towards meaning. A synonym, for example, very scared, can be an effective way for getting meaning across. Using L1 translation Asking student to check in a dictionary. drawing a simple picture Some of these techniques want more processing from student and will aid memory. The teacher will need to make decisions about which words are useful to remember and choose techniques accordingly. 4.2 Encouraging the development of effective strategies Research tends to suggest that if inferencing is easy because the text has a lot of contextual clue or there is a cognate word, memory is less likely. The more active the learner need to be, the more likely the word will be remembered. Awareness of this distinction will guild the teacher into exploiting both for reading strategy development and for vocabulary acquisition. 5. Principles of presenting vocabulary Teacher has to make the teaching easy and clear by giving simple explanation. Teacher has to use varieties of presentation at the same time such as, oral presentation and written presentation. For example, Teacher writes down vocabularies on board as well as explaining. Teacher has to bring in the words that are already partly known to relate to synonyms or antonym. 6. Some suggestions for the teachers Each teacher has ways to teach new words. Whatever teaching style are used the suggestions which may help teachers are followings: Teacher has to prepare the way to show meaning. For example, if the words which the teacher is going to present are concrete, the teacher should prepare picture of those words to present. Teacher has to ask students to tell the meaning first in order to elicit meaning from students before they offer the meaning. Teacher has to think about how to show the meaning of a word with related words such as synonyms, antonyms etc. Moreover, the example words should be the word that students are already known. Teacher has to think about how to check students understanding. Teacher has to think about the context in real situation where the words might be used in order to relate learning language to real life and also promotes high motivation. Teacher should review the vocabulary via a game or activity in order to motivate them in learning. Teacher should give them some assignment by telling them to read, watch films, listen to songs etc and note the useful word. It is a good way to study vocabulary by themselves. Teacher should have a section of board for vocabulary items that come up while teacher are teaching. Use different colours for the word / the phonetics /the part of speech. It is a good idea to teach vocabulary with associated meanings together. Teacher should encourage students to use a good dictionary. Whenever the student asks the word that has never heard of the word, you tell the student that you will check and get back to them later. Teacher should enough examples sentences to make sure that the students understand what the teacher taught and give extra example if the students are unsure and encourage them to write the word in an example sentence. Classroom application.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As being an English teacher, I found that teaching vocabulary is quite difficult because there are a lot of words to teach and my student cannot remember the words I taught but after I have done this assignment. I got a lot of idea to apply in my classroom in order to present vocabulary effectively.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, I encourage my student to use any other strategies for vocabulary learning. Then I create a lot of activities which help them to develop new strategies as well as strengthen existing ones. For example, my students can be observed writing down new words as they occur during lesson but it is less common to find such thorough strategies for notebook keeping. Then I give student ideas for how they might design their notebook such as making word-network.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then, I know how to select word for presenting vocabulary. I chose vocabulary based on frequency in the first place with considerable weight being given to functional, notional or situation relevance of the item.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally, I develop a variety of techniques for the teaching of meaning in my classroom such as drawing a picture which is the most effective as it will create a visual memory for the word, giving several example sentences with the word in context to shoe the meaning and giving demonstration. As a result these techniques help my student to pay attention in class and they can remember the vocabulary. Reference Jeanne mcCarten. (2007) Teaching Vocabulary. New York : Cambridge University Press. Pual Naion. (1990). Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. USA : HeinleHenle. Richard Frost. (2004). Presenting vocabulary. from http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/articles/presenting-vocabulary Tricia Hedge. (2008). Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom. New York : Cambridge University Press. Wallace M. (1987) Teaching Vocabulary 3rd Edition. London: Heinemann

Marketing analysis of texas instruments inc

Marketing analysis of texas instruments inc The company was founded in 1930 and adopted the name of Texas Instrument Incorporated in 1951. It entered the market of semiconductor in 1954 and was the first company to go global. Texas Instrument (TI) is famous for inventing the integrated circuit in 1958, thanks to Jack Killby who won the Physic Nobel Prize in 2000, and the handheld calculator in 1967. TI has always been among the Top 10 of the semiconductor sales leaders. In 2010, TI had revenue of 13.97 billions of dollars (see table below): TI has a 1.20 billion of dollars capital expenditures and cumulates worldwide about 38,000 patents. The company got a global presence in manufacturing, design or sales operations in 30 countries, which represents more than 80,000 customers worldwide for about 28,400 employees. The headquarters are based in Dallas, Texas in the United States. Rich Templeton is the chairman, President and CEO of Texas Instruments. The main products of the company are Semiconductors (Amplifiers Linear, Audio, Automotive, Clocks Timers, Data Converters, Interface, Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), Processors), DLPÂ ® TV, Projectors, Cinema and Calculators Education Technology. TI has always been among the Top 10 of the semiconductor sales leaders. In 2010 TI is ranking 4 behind Intel Corporation, Samsung Electronics and Toshiba Semiconductors. Its other main competitors are Microchip Technology, Cypress Semiconductor, Integrated Device Technology and Xilinx. TI has the largest market share (14%) in the semiconductor industry which has an estimated market of 37 billions of dollar according to latest reports from Gartner. (See table below). This report will represent the main marketing activities of Texas Instruments Incorporated. The report has three parts: firstly, the organisations orientation, secondly, the audit (external and internal) of the organization and thirdly, the impact of the organisations marketing mix (positive and negative). TI orientation CONCEPT (Rajshekhar Raj 2006) To reach the goals of TI orientation, it has to be a relationship between the customer relationship management and the international service marketing research like it shows in the figure above. In order to make profits and increase the market share of a company, organisations have to develop marketing strategies. The idea is to reach the customer by meeting his needs and expectations. By understanding the market (surveys and researches), the company can make marketing decisions and implement a long term relationship strategies. Kotler said Todays successful companies have one thing in common: their success comes from a strong customer focus and heavy commitment to marketing. (Kotler.et.al. 2005) The modern marketing concept can be expressed as: The achievement of corporate goals through meeting and exceeding customer needs and expectations better than the competition.(Jobber. 2010:4) Marketing Concept The meeting of customer needs better than the expectations and the competition Integrated effort All staff accepts the responsibility for creating customer satisfaction Goal achievement The belief that corporate goals can be achieved through customer satisfaction Customer Orientation Corporate activities are focused On providing customer satisfaction (Jobber: 2010:4) All companies, and so on Texas Instruments that interest us, have the choice between 4 main marketing orientations: Product orientation Products that have good innovative characteristics and also the best quality that might match the customers needs and their satisfactions criteria; this is considered as an investment for the business in order to continue their sales strategies. (Kotler.et.al.2005) Sales orientation The Company constructs a large-scale of selling, promotion, and advertising without any concerns about customer satisfaction. (Kotler.et.al.2005) Production orientation To focus on minimized production cost in order to attract more customers, to attain economies of scales by having a limited range of products. (Jobber.2010:4); the company takes into account the competitions and market segments to focus on the cost of the product and its production range. (Jobber: 2010:5) Production capabilities: Focus of the production orientation. Manufacture product: the production line or cycle from the suppliers to the customer. Aggressive sales effort: Effort to sell and develop the marketing of the products. Customers: Customers who are demanding the products. Marketing orientation The Company must stay close to their customer and understand their need and problems. (Jobber. 2010:5) Figure 6: Marketing Orientation (Jobber 2010:5) This figure shows the approach to follow to reach the customers by understanding the potential market opportunities and the marketing products and services and by responding to the demanded requirements. (Jobber 2010:5-6) TI ORIENTATION THE COMPETITVE ADVANTAGE OF TI According to Michael Porter, the Competitive Advantage grows out of value a firm is able to create for their buyer that is exceeds the firms cost of creating it. Value is what buyer are willing to pay, and superior value stems from offering lower prices than competitor for equivalent benefit or providing unique benefits that more than offset a higher price. There are two basics type of competitive advantage: cost leadership and differentiation. (Porter, M. 1985:3) With other words, the competitive advantage can be achieved by creating a differential advantage or achieving the lower cost position (Johnson, 8th edition, 2009). There are two different competitive strategies to have an advantage on the competitors: the differentiation of the product and the cost of the product. The main analysis of competitive advantage is the Generic Strategy of Porter. The company has a relative position within an industry is given by its choice of competitive advantage: Cost Leadership versus Differentiation and its choice of competitive scope: firm targets broad industry segment or focuses on a narrow segment. (Jobber, 2010:714) The business makes a choice about the type and scope of its competitive advantages. (Porter, 1985, 12) We need now to take care of the external analysis and the internal analysis of TI marketing activities that will help TI to develop their own strategies. The internal view is based on industry structure and more precisely on decision of the Business. The (external) analysis of competitor is crucial to create a successful marketing strategy. (Porter, 1985) Audit of TI 1) PESTEL analysis When contemplated for the audit of Texas Instruments Inc., it is very much cognizance to utilize the PESTEL analysis for showcasing the frame work of macro-environmental factors. Texas instruments Incorporated are prominent in designing, manufacturing and selling of semi-conductors. It has four main segments involved that include Analog, Embedded Processing, Wireless and Other in which Analog and Embedded Processing is considered being the protuberant of primary growth eventually focusing its resources on the two segments. Political factors Initially excogitating the Political factors that lays high stake on the company takes to intervenes i.e.., its degree of intervene, effects of the interpose on the political stability of the company. In 2005, while positioning the portfolios, it has been judged that by the end of this decade, Texas Instruments Inc. will have an increase in the earning potential. Considering this, it has been noted that TXN has long term earning power and clearly witnessed at the present stage. (S.Parker2005: 01, Zipper.1992) Economic factors It is difficult to delineate dimensions and duration of the semi-conductor cycle. Earlier it was considered that if the situation strikingly disintegrates, or if the economy weakens, TXN is likely to outperform its rival and competitor, Intel. As contrary in direction, if the condition continues to improve, it will be highly difficult to judge the future performance of the company with respect to its benchmarked market position. (The Associated Guide.2011) In the earlier stages, TXN was pertained to the anticipation of cellular handset sales, especially from its then leading customer, Nokia. Due to some negative flow of news, the handsets where likely to under-perform during a short term (S.Parker.2005). Notable past event that accounts to the overall economic status of TXN: In order to justify the fact that TXN tried to cut short its dull portfolios and concentrate more on the growing markets with its RD, contemplating the earlier activities of TXN such as terminating a decades-long striving effort and endurance to survive in the computer line market, Texas instruments sold its business computer line to its then competitor, Hewlett-Packard. The above table and grapgh illustrates the distribution of revenue among TXNs four main segements As mentioned earlier, TXN focusses its resources mainly on Analog and Embedded Processing.The financial consequences of deficient or excess inventory levels in Texas Instruments Inc. i.e., the demand which varies with the past visualizations constitue to the economic factors that held stake over the company. Another issue added to it was the prejudice of Tis non-financial assests. Social factors Whilst sorting out the various factors that affects or holds stakes towards the company, social factors which includes cultural aspects, distribution ratios, change in social trends that has its own effects on the company, etc., are also considered to be imporatant as analysing these will help the company gain better knowledge over the industrial needs and the consumers perspective towards the company. Texas Instruments Incorporation has three main objectives towards increasing its revenue with respect to social factors. First objective being the growing of revenue at a much faster rate than that of the current market. The second being the growing of earnings per share at a higher pace that the obtained and obtaining revenue. The third main general objective towards its financial terms being the efficient usage of the captital. The countries where Tis suppliers and customers are located or operated has an varrying constituting level based on the social conditions of the countries which includes health conditions, security risks, varrying trasnportation facilities, fluctuation in the exchange rates of different currencies (Kurtz, Mac Kenzie, Snow209: 2011) The Corporate Responsibility magazine has announced Texas Instruments Inc. as one among the top corporate citizens for the ninth time with respect to the human rights, employee relations, governance, philanthrophy, environment, climatic changes and financial weightings (www.thecro.com. 2011) Ti(India) is the first multinational company setting its one of the largest RD centres for the first time time outside the USA. (www.ebonline.com c.2011) Technological factors Analysing the various factors influencing Ti, it becomes apparent that Ti focusses heavily on RD as it helps Ti to navigate through the competettive market. Innovation in technology plays a major role in making its products markettable. To levitate its products, one of the latest innovation was usage of Power Line Communication(PLC) which offers a cost effective mode of communication media for a broader magnitutde of applications. The above figure depicts that Texas Instruments( Ti) developers can optimize their applications based on their need and can modify to the new standards, (Olivier Monnier2010: 2) TI Delivers Flexible Power Line Communications Solutions The main components for its current top positioning appear to be flexible but Ti follows varying procedures to survive. One such is the procedure of periodically implementing new manufacturing technologies, equipments, testing methods and even with the subcontract services (Scarisbrick: 1996). The company along with its competitors strives with the best possible innovative products. However it is advisable for Ti to reduce its level of inventory except for the range of Analog (S.Parker2005: 15). Bringing out innovative products alone does not state a company in the top ranking list. Considering this, Ti also concentrates on the product life cycle developments. As it is well known that Ti does not concentrates much on the end users, it is important to get regular feedbacks regarding the product life cycle and its reliability. It arranges separate programs to carry on with these processes. (www.ti.com c. 2011, www.prnewswire.com c. 2010) Environmental factors Whilst analysing the environmental factors of Texas Instruments Incorporation, at present it is highly importunate to follow up the recent tragedy that happened in Japan causing a substantial loss of lives and materials including the manufacturing site of TXN bases on the cities of Miho and Aizu-wakamatsuthat, Japan. From the reports of the company, it is clear that TXN will reinstate its manufacturing site, initiating with many different line in the unit. TXN has set up alternate manufacturing sites for about 60% of the wafer production from the Miho plant. Some of the substantial damage at the Miho due to the earthquake: The delivery channels which includes its infrastructure systems were damaged but resetting those damages are in progress and expected to be over in a few weeks of time. The seems to be an unclear state in the manufacturing equipments due to the highly interepted power supply. On an over view it has been clearly noted that the Miho building has a very obtuse damage apparently making the main struture to be certified usable. TXN keenly recognizes the following important factors that might cause discernible results that differ from the expectation of the company such as: The change or revolutionize the market environment of semi-conductors especially in the principal markets like consumer electronics and consumer. At the present stage, the improvement in technology environment in the present stage has made Texas Instruments Inc. raise its ability to develop, manufacture and market its products. Considering the sour fact that the marketing strategies of Texas Instruments are considered to be unsatisfactory when compared with its counter parts, TXN competed in the highly competitive market with its innovative product and challenging prices (L.Shanklin1998: 10). Natural happenstances like drastic weather changes, floods, earthquakes and other calamities constitute to the environmental factors are overcome by the companys pre-stated strategies. Taking into account for the usage of eco-friendly products, Ti moves towards lead free products (www.ti.com c. 2011, www.prnewswire.com c. 2010). Legal factors For any multinational Plc, it is very much certain that there are many awaiting varying legal factors in different countries in which the other units are located. Now this becomes apparent for TXN to face such legal issues which might have greater effects on the company (www.prnewswire.com c. 2010). Legal factors recognized by TXN as major issues for the company: The license agreements between Ti and its stake holders tend to be different in different countries. The expiry of patent licenses and agreement might lead the other companies to capitalize over TXN, which follows by the risk of any apertures in the agreements due to the countrys laws. The changes in tax that are brought about by governments of various countries, the change in jurisdictions could cause outcomes such as instability in the tax audits. The product liability and warrantee differs from place to place depending upon the law prevalent. 2) SWOT Analysis Strengths: Obviously, Texas Instruments has been considered as pioneer and the leader in technology and innovations of semiconductor products ranging from defence, metallurgical and digital products. Its reputation and track record as an institution build TIs credibility and integrity in the market. The existing manpower and connoisseurship of the company and its technology used will always provide TI the leverage to significantly cut the production costs without compromising the quality of their products. The strategic global locations of the TIs expanded operations in North America, Asia and in Europe, paved the way for TI to widen its reach in the industry. The expanded operation in some parts of the world strengthens the brand recognition of TI being well known for its product innovation and diversification. TI is also aware of social and environment issues by continuous improvement on production safety improvement, community involvement and sustainability as it has been being awarded from The Worlds Most Ethical Companies Ranking since 2007 (Eethisphere 2011). All of these factors can be valuable resources to advance TIs market presence and increase its share in the industry. Weaknesses: Texas Instruments being a leader and one of Americas pioneers in electronic industry was far more focused on product development, innovation and diversification to the extent that it overlooked the marketing side of the business. Its concentration is on the technological development created the loophole of lacking the skilled and strategic marketing power of the company. This has been evidenced by the fact that the entire marketing arm of the company is heavily reliant on its distributors. Its dependency on the distributors weakens the companys capacity to saturate the market despite its prominent brands and quality products sold. Opportunities: The recent changes in market dynamics for electronics offered an opportunity for TI to evolve as an organization. This calls for the company to reorganise itself to cope with the demands in the changing market. This means that the existing organisational set up or structure has to be change to suit the existing market dynamics. It is therefore a chance for TI to grow and develop as an organisation at pace with time. Its recent innovations in the market also provided the platform for the company to establish an improved customer services. With the existing technologies and leadership in the industry, TI can afford to compete in the market through price matching and discount referral to its patrons. Also, its expertise and technological advancement being the trusted name in the industry can provide greater opportunity for TI to create product differentiation through intensive research and development schemes. This therefore changes the image of the companys products as commodities but rather can create an image as a technology and a brand. In this case, TI can therefore increase its market share through branding. Threats: The emergence of new competitors, introduction of global prising system that conforms the prices of distributors threatens the survival of Texas Instruments in the market. The emergence of new and innovative companies produces stiff competition in the market. TIs tendencies to lost share in the market are higher along with its loss of distributors who adopted global pricing system. TIs non-conformance to the latest trend of global pricing system threatens its business relationship with distributors who happened to be the companys backbone in and perhaps life blood in marketing. If it has to survive in the market, corresponding measures should be carried to address these existing threats. Alternatives/options: Based on the herein stated SWOT Analysis of TI there are options that needs to be considered in order for TI to survive in the market and increase its profitability. These alternatives are based on the principle of utilising its existing organisational strengths and opportunities to overcome its weakness and prevent the perceived and existing adverse effects of threats. The following alternatives are as follows: a. TI shall implement reorganisation/ restructuring This means that an organisational overhaul should be done. Its existing structure and set-up which was established to address the dynamics and development of the market several years back are no longer relevant or responsive to the existing market dynamics. Also, this allows TI to set up a new breed of leaders in the company who can understand and cope with the existing dynamics. Traditional knowledge in the industry should blend with the new trend of innovative market. It is very vital for TI to evolve as an organisation and operate according to the recent market developments. Its structure should be responsive to the prevailing market demands and procedural process. Once the organisational set up has been updated it is now ready to implement the succeeding changes in terms of marketing and financial strategies. b. Product Differentiation TI being a popular and well known for quality products in the market was the only advantage it has in the market. However, its technological advancement and continuing product innovation was not being utilised to differentiate its product from the normal commodities in the market. Thus, it is a best alternative for the company to emphasise its research and development capacities as an institution in the development of new and quality products. Thus, its research and development capacities and expertise as an organisation will be magnified in the market in order to create product differentiation of the TIs production. c. Direct Selling/Servicing to Small and Medium Businesses The untapped market segment of TI was the growing small and medium businesses. This happened due to TIs heavy reliance on distributors. It is one of the best marketing option that TI should engage direct business with the small and medium scale businesses in order to widen its scope and reach in the market. Though this sector is not so lucrative when it comes to profit but its number is continually growing and most of them are locally operating. Therefore, this will minimise reliance on distributors and will promote market survival. e. Competitive Pricing Consistent with the product differentiation strategy, it is not advisable for TI to conform the global pricing system. What is appropriate with its existing market status is to develop a competitive pricing system. Since its credibility and track has been well established and with the advancement of its technology used in production methods, it is certain that TI can produce quality product at a competitive price. Its expertise in the production side can be leverage for TI to reduce its operational and producti0n cost through mechanisation.

Essay --

Conflicts in IT Industry due to ethical issues There is a thin line between right and wrong in the way technology is used today. There are many ethical issues arising by using technology in the business of IT. These issues can be classified as personal issues and organizational level issues. Privacy, private information security, web tracking etc are some of the personal issues and protecting intellectual property like software rights is organisational level issue. These issues tend to create conflicts in the IT industry which are intern responsible for down fall of an IT Organization. The different ways to minimise these issues are to be reviewed and have to utilize them optimally. Introduction: New trends in IT are extremely advancing and intellectually stimulating, on other hand privacy issues like private data protection, web tracking, violating software authenticity etc are ethical issues which are invading privacy of an individual and also of an organisation which in turn responsible for poor performance. Ethics in Information technology is part of many issues which result in conflicts. First these issues should be addressed by gaining attention of the superior and decision making people in the organisation by explaining the challenges these issues pose and understand potential threats, discover issues associated with use of IT and plan, design, evaluate and implement the anticipation of ethical issues with organisation’s values. In big multinationals and large organisations there are senior managers with committed terms to make sure the ethical standards are clearly defined and are in practice. These terms are directed by business and ethical attributes fixed by the organisation; these are incorporated by organisation’s ... ...hical issues. Responsibilities of a manager are to act as a role model in the ethical behaviour, reassure their employees to talk about their concerns and issues. Encourage and promote to follow the code of ethics, support to take part in ethical awareness programmes, listen and react equally to all the individuals’ concerns and provide additional aid if required to address the issues. The top leaders must take necessary steps to advise full, accurate, and timely ethical compliance, they should never overlook any unethical behaviour even if it is a suspected one, should not mislead by misrepresenting facts in any manner. Top management must report any violations in intellectual properties usage, software agreements, client confidentiality etc. They should also ensure that there are fair numbers of procedures to raise a concern or question ethical issues by employees. Essay -- Conflicts in IT Industry due to ethical issues There is a thin line between right and wrong in the way technology is used today. There are many ethical issues arising by using technology in the business of IT. These issues can be classified as personal issues and organizational level issues. Privacy, private information security, web tracking etc are some of the personal issues and protecting intellectual property like software rights is organisational level issue. These issues tend to create conflicts in the IT industry which are intern responsible for down fall of an IT Organization. The different ways to minimise these issues are to be reviewed and have to utilize them optimally. Introduction: New trends in IT are extremely advancing and intellectually stimulating, on other hand privacy issues like private data protection, web tracking, violating software authenticity etc are ethical issues which are invading privacy of an individual and also of an organisation which in turn responsible for poor performance. Ethics in Information technology is part of many issues which result in conflicts. First these issues should be addressed by gaining attention of the superior and decision making people in the organisation by explaining the challenges these issues pose and understand potential threats, discover issues associated with use of IT and plan, design, evaluate and implement the anticipation of ethical issues with organisation’s values. In big multinationals and large organisations there are senior managers with committed terms to make sure the ethical standards are clearly defined and are in practice. These terms are directed by business and ethical attributes fixed by the organisation; these are incorporated by organisation’s ... ...hical issues. Responsibilities of a manager are to act as a role model in the ethical behaviour, reassure their employees to talk about their concerns and issues. Encourage and promote to follow the code of ethics, support to take part in ethical awareness programmes, listen and react equally to all the individuals’ concerns and provide additional aid if required to address the issues. The top leaders must take necessary steps to advise full, accurate, and timely ethical compliance, they should never overlook any unethical behaviour even if it is a suspected one, should not mislead by misrepresenting facts in any manner. Top management must report any violations in intellectual properties usage, software agreements, client confidentiality etc. They should also ensure that there are fair numbers of procedures to raise a concern or question ethical issues by employees.

genocide Essays -- essays research papers

Genocide is an extremely broad subject with various different definitions. Genocide could be one or more leaders trying to get rid of a large group of people by killings or attacks, or it can be against a smaller group of people in a less violent manner. Genocide has been a very extreme problem in society and various reports of genocidal events have been recorded in history, but how does one go about finding the precise and accurate definition of a â€Å"genocide†? Genocidal acts are placed into different categories and are defined in different degrees. The Commission on Human Rights has set up seven treaties that describe acts of genocide. Regardless of committees’ attempts to limit or abolish acts of genocide, genocide was a very important issue especially in the twentieth century. After witnessing and learning of the devastations and atrocities, our world and nation in particular need to protect the rights each person rightfully deserves in a stricter manner to prev ent acts of this nature. In the twentieth century, we saw a more obvious rise in genocidal acts. We can blame this on the advances made with weapons. Pencil factories, for instance, were starting to produce bullets and other ammo to enhance warfare. The twentieth century was a century of vast change. The advances in aids to warfare certainly brought our nation much more power. Unfortunately, this power, if fallen into the wrong hands, could do a lot of unnecessary damage to innocent people. A leader with the intent ...

Yoga Practice on Major Depression in Adult Females Essay -- Psycholo

The National Institute of Mental Health cites findings from a 2005 study that depression affected 6.7% of adults in the United States (2005). The majority of adults affected were between the ages of eighteen and sixty, and more women than men exhibited symptoms of major depression (NIMH 2005). Various antidepressant medications are advertised via television commercials, but I wondered if alternate treatments were available, and if so, how effective those treatments might be. I am currently enrolled in a Yoga class, and I have found that this focused practice results not only in the relaxation of my body, but also in the clarity of my mind. I was curious if regular, consistent Yoga practice could have a beneficial effect on women who suffer from depression. A study conducted in 2007 examined the effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, or MBCT, on adults afflicted with chronic depression (Barnhofer et al., 2009). This approach incorporated meditation with cognitive therapy, in which participants learn how to navigate negative experiences and emotions (Barnhofer et al., 2009). The researchers used a combination of surveys and psychological interviews to evaluate each potential participant’s level of depression, and those who were selected participated not only in group sessions, but they were also provided with literature to guide them in individual practice (Barnhofer et al., 2009). Through the use of additional surveys and follow up interviews, Barnhofer and his colleagues found that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy was effective at decreasing symptoms of major depression (2009). Another study conducted in Japan attempted to determine if consistent Yoga practice benefitted one’s mental health. This study focused on ... ... the scientific process in both designing and carrying out my experimental study regarding the effects of consistent Yoga practice on adult females with depression symptoms. Works Cited Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, J.M.G. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(5). Retrieved from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796709000333 Yoshihara, K., Hiramoto, T., Sudo, N., & Kubo, C. (2011). Profile of mood states and stress-related biochemical indices in long-term yoga practitioners. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 5(6). doi: 10.1186/1751-0759-5-6 National Institute of Mental Health (2005, June). Major Depressive Disorder Among Adults. Retrieved from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/statistics/1MDD_ADULT.shtml

Is the Dollar Depreciation Good for the American Economy? Essay

Currency depreciation always affects both sides of the coin. By lowering the dollar, it will enhance the price competitiveness of US product overseas but lower dollar maybe counter productive especially if there is not enough output for further expansion. Thus the move to depreciate or to appreciate the currency is very significant for economy not only to the US but in the global economy as well. Maintaining the dollar at its value therefore is also very important as it provides balance on imports and export commodities. Over the years the dollar has been swinging high and low against some of the worlds leading currencies. The question that might be ask is, was it intentionally depreciated as part of economic strategy or was it a result of economic decline due to domestic or international circumstances that hamper economic growth, such as, the 9/11 tragedy and the US led war and continues occupation in Iraq? In the midst of ever-increasing competitiveness in the world market, dollar depreciation is good for America because it puts them in the economic competitive advantage position in the international market relying on the quality of the US made goods. It is often a deliberate economic action to cope with the stiff international market competition. However, there is a contraindication to this economic action as lowering the dollar would mean lowering the living standard back home. Depreciating the dollar could stimulate strong economic performance but it also poses bad impact because it will be at the expense of cutting American wages. Paul R. Krugman point out â€Å"Depreciating the dollar is a bad way to reduce the trade deficit because it amount to meeting international competition by cutting American wages, thus lowering the living standards of the American workers† (119) In view of the macroeconomic principles, it will be more advantage for the U. S. to depreciate the dollar at a certain level because it will help to settle some of its economic deficits such as unemployment problem and trade deficit. What the US needs to do is expand its market abroad while increasing domestic productions of export goods. If there is enough output for export expansion, the impact of lower dollars maybe minimal as more money will circulate in the market. Japan’s yen is certainly undervalued compared to the dollar and yet the Japanese enjoy a high standard of living comparable to that of the United States. By mass production it will create more jobs, which can ease the problem of unemployment Another thing the U. S. should do is to put a substantive limit on domestic product for domestic consumption in order to maintain the inflation rate at its current level. Because of the lower dollar, imports from other countries will be balanced by the US exports thereby wiping trade imbalances because of the higher dollar. Thus lowering the dollar provides ample economic benefit for America. It maybe a bitter pill to swallow for others but it may cure some of the economy’s diseases. But it cannot be denied that depreciating the dollars have a serious economic implications to some developing countries. As a matter of principle the US should not play the role of a shrewd manager who only cares of its interest at the expense of the weaker countries. Jacob Frenkel Noted â€Å"The U. S. decision on an exchange-rate regime will clearly affect foreign economies, and it is not clear that what is best for America will be best for the rest of the economy, we must reformulate our notion of how a good exchange rate system performs† (158). Frenkel cited that due to dollar depreciation, the corresponding appreciation of foreign currencies against the dollar worsens the situation abroad compared to the fix exchange rate case. Frenkel stated, â€Å"By allowing the U. S. to export some of its unemployment, the dollar’s depreciation has a beggar-thy neighbor effect† (158). Thus, while the dollar depreciation might shield the U. S. economy from the adverse effect of inflation, but it has an opposite effect on U. S. trading collaborates. To explain this further Frenkel said,â€Å"The beggar thy-neighbor effect of dollar depreciation can be thought of as a payment made by the foreign country to the United States in states of the world where U. S. aggregate demand is relatively low. In the opposite situation, the United States, by allowing its currency to appreciate, compensates foreign countries† (Frenkel, 158). Thus the depreciation of the U. S. dollar requires a more sensitive study of the possible implication on other countries particularly on the trading partners of the U. S. if the United States is concern of its trading partners’ economic developments. Not only in the international market that the dollar depreciation had its impact but in domestic economy as well. Allen J. Lenz pointed out that â€Å"contractionary policies could slow U. S. economic growth relative to foreign growth rates† (68). Lenz emphasized that what counts is not just good trade performance but how that performance is achieved. Strong U. S. market performance based on productivity gains contributes to gains in living standards. Strong performance achieved by dollar depreciation can lower living standards. The depreciation therefore is an important economic action of the United States that will have significant impact not only in the U. S. but also to its trading partners. It may be good for the U. S. economy, and bad for the trading partners, but it may also be bad for the U. S. Work Cited icago PressFrenkel, Jacob. Exchange Rate and International Macroeconomics. U. S. A. : University of Chicago. 1988. Krugman, Paul. Diminished Expectations U. S. A. : The Washington Post Company 1994. Lenz, Allen J. Narrowing the U. S. Current Account Deficit: A Sectoral Assessment. U. S. A. : Institute for International Economic. 1992.

My Favorite Entrepreneur Essay

My favorite entrepreneur: Ms. Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey was born into poverty by a teenage single mother in 1954 in Kosciusko, Mississippi. For the earliest years of her life she was raised by her maternal grandmother, and under her kind-hearted discipline was taught to read by the age of two and speak exceptionally by the age of three. When Winfrey was six years old, she was sent to live with her mother in Wisconsin. She was submerged into inner-city Milwaukee, and faced the hardships of growing up in the urban ghetto. Her mother had many problems of her own and was so consumed by them that she was unable to give attention to her daughter. This had many adverse consequences, and left Winfrey vulnerable to multiple counts of sexual abuse at an early age, including by her mother’s boyfriend, a teenage cousin, and a family friend. She also became pregnant at the age of 14, but her son died at infancy. As she got older, she struggled with racism and was discriminated against by her peers because of her economic status. The neglect and problems she encountered led Winfrey to develop an aggressive attitude, and eventually her mother could no longer deal with Winfrey’s delinquency and so she sent her to live with her father in Nashville, Tennessee. With his strict disciplinary mechanisms and value for education, Winfrey’s father helped her turn her life around. She became an honor student and at the age of 17 began her broadcasting career on the radio station WVOL. She earned a scholarship to Tennessee State University and studied drama and speech. At the age of 19 she landed an anchor position for WTVF-TV, Nashville’s CBS affiliate. Here she was the first African-American and the youngest person to ever be an anchor on the network. Not too late afterwards in 1976 she moved to Boston to take on a position as co-anchor for WJZ-TV evening news. However, it was hard for her to contain her emotions on many of her stories, and her attachment to the subject matter made her a poor fit for the position. She was fired for these reasons. Nevertheless, a manager at the network saw her ability to connect closely with the subjects and her excellent communication skills and found a position more suited towards her as a co-host on talk show People Are Talking. The show’s ratings soared, and Winfrey’s success attracted attention in the Midwest where she was offered a position as anchor on AM Chicago. It almost instantly became the #1 local talk show and within a year was renamed the Oprah Winfrey Show. The show was soon picked up in 120 cities and became the nation’s top talk show. However, Winfrey did not like the idea of working for someone else, and in 1986 she founded Harpo, Inc. and took on the Oprah Winfrey Show by 1988 in her own studio in Chicago. The third woman in history to own and produce her own show, as well as the first African-American to own her own entertainment production company, Winfrey was capitalizing success. The early years of the program was classified as a tabloid talk show, however as years went on Winfrey adopted broader topics such as disease, spirituality, substance abuse, geopolitics, domestic topics, celebrity interviews, and philanthropy. She herself has become one of our world’s most noted philanthropists and also hosts televised giveaways. In addition to her talk show, Winfrey acted and voiced-over in different movies and TV shows, as well as ones she produced herself like The Women of Brewster Place and Brewster Place. Furthermore, Winfrey has co-authored five books and publishes O, The Oprah Magazine and O at Home, which was dubbed the most successful start-up ever in the industry by Fortune in 2002. She also created her website Oprah. com, one of the top women’s lifestyles websites, as well as Oprah’s Book Club, the largest book club in the world. Winfrey went on to co-found women’s cable television network Oxygen. In January, 2011, Discovery Health Channel was changed into a new channel called OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network. Winfrey, for many years now, has been viewed as the most powerful woman in the entertainment industry, and even beyond the entertainment industry. The Wall Street Journal coined the term â€Å"Oprahfication† meaning therapy through public confession, and there have been numerous incidents of the â€Å"Oprah effect† where her public opinions influence consumer choices. She has been invited onto the corporate boards of AT&T, Ralph Lauren, and Intel, all of which she turned down. Winfrey holds a fairly private personal and business life, as all her employees are sworn to keep things private for the remaining of their lives, and she holds full control in all her distribution deals with ABC, Oxygen Network, and Hearst Magazines. She also holds 90% of Harpo’s stock. By the age of 41, Winfrey had a net worth of $340 million and replaced Bill Cosby as the only African American on the Forbes 400. She has remained the only African American to rank among America’s 400 richest people nearly every year since 1995, and is the ichest African American of the 20th century. From 2004 to 2006 Winfrey was the world’s only black billionaire and the first black woman billionaire in world history. In 2010 she took on the title of the richest self-made woman in America. Her 2011 salary was $290 million and she had a set worth of $2. 7 billion. Throughout this all, Winfrey is lives her life by two principles: live a great life for yourself and make a differenc e in the world. These have been motivating factors for Winfrey too overcome the different struggles in her life and pull forward to a positive outcome. Her intellectual and emotional qualities paved the way for her to really connect with diverse people of difference backgrounds, values, and experiences, and to open up all sorts of subject matter in a some-how comfortable setting although very public. Her public speaking and proficient communication abilities allowed her to emerge as such a strong candidate in the industry. Even with that, Winfrey is a woman of self-improvement and took improv classes at Chicago’s own Second City to work on her presence and wit in high pressure situations like on talk shows and live television. But her success isn’t all in her broadcasting or talk shows. In fact, Winfrey says her success began as a third grader when she turned her book report in early. She stands by the ideas to always go the extra mile, and that we are all entitled to success. â€Å"Let excellence be your brand,† Winfrey says at a 2012 speech to Spellman College graduates. Winfrey is a strong believer in doing the right thing, and she guarantees that doing right will only allow for right to come back to you and carry you on your way to success. Another point Winfrey strongly upholds is finding a way to serve. She says that she doesn’t serve TV she serves the world through TV, and that is what each of us should do as we find our niches– to use our success as a way to serve. Furthermore, Winfrey believes it is key to know who you are and to take charge of your life. Making decisions for one’s self and pursuing goals is absolutely critical if one wants to find success. Winfrey was able to use these ideals, lessons from her life, and her true passions and talents to go from rags to riches, to become the Queen of talk shows, and a historical success legend.